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Forward Searching (How to find newer articles)

One of the best way to find additional sources on your topic is to use forward reference searching. Forward searching is the process of finding sources that have cited a source you have already found. This means that another author found that information useful and cited it in their own work. Articles found through forward searching are also newer than the original source you found.

Forward searching is useful to:

  • Expand their knowledge on a topic by locating follow-up studies. 
  • Identify new findings and developments on a topic.
  • Examine and consider other methodologies used to study a topic.

How to forward reference search:

  1. Begin by identifying an article the fits your research topic or question.
  2. You will need to use a database like Google Scholar that has a cited reference search feature.
  3. Copy and paste the title of the article into Google Scholar.
  4. Click on the "Cited by" link located under the article information in the results list.
  5. This brings up a list of all the sources that have cited the original source you found in their own references list.

Google Scholar Cited by link

From here you can browse the list, or you can "Search within citing articles" by doing a keyword search to narrow down the results further.

Google Scholar search within citing articles example 

Backwards Searching (How to find older articles)

If you are looking for additional resources on your topic, it is helpful to thoroughly examine the references list of an article you've already found. Keep in mind that the sources included in the article's references list will be older, given that you are moving backwards in time.

Backwards searching is useful to:Image of a References list

  • Study the origins and development of a theory, model, or topic of interest. 
  • Identify experts or seminal works on a topic of research.

How to backward reference search:

  1. Start with an article that fits your topic or research question.
  2. Examine that article's References list to identify articles that may be useful for your assignment.
  3. Use the library or Google Scholar to locate the full-text of any identified articles.