The table below provides helpful guidance when creating a reference when information for one of the four elements (Author, Date, Title, Source) is missing. This table is adapted from Table 9.1 How to Create a Reference When Information is Missing (APA, 2020, p. 284).
An APA reference is composed of four elements:
Author. (Date). Title. Source.
Notice that each element ends with a period EXCEPT when the source elements ends with a URL. The inclusion of a period would interfere with the link's functionality.
